With an allergy in the body, a distortion of immune responses occurs, which provokes the production of antibodies to harmless substances from the external environment, including food. An allergy diet helps to reduce the strain of immunity in the presence of violations of its work (autoimmune diseases, etc. ) or if it has not yet formed (in children).The article provides a list of hypoallergenic foods, a list of foods that should not be consumed, nutritional recommendations for nursing mothers.
Hypoallergenic products
Food is foreign to the body in terms of its DNA structure, but this does not normally cause reactions. Even with enough enzymes, some protein molecules do not undergo complete fermentation into amino acids and can be absorbed into the bloodstream unchanged, causing allergies. An allergy diet consists of such products. These are vegetables, grains and fruits that grow in the human region, do not have a bright red color and do not contain many of the proteins and immune agents of the animals from which they were obtained.
When it comes to food allergies, remember thatyou cannot eat these foods:
Coffee, cocoa, chocolate.The reaction to these products is accompanied by a cross allergy to legumes. They are usually triggered by the caffeine and theobromine in these products.
Semi-finished, smoked products.They contain preservatives, food additives that cause both true and pseudo-allergic reactions. When smoked, many carcinogens are formed.
Mushrooms.Rich in protein and difficult to ferment, it contains chitin and glucans in the cell wall.
Legumes(peas, beans, peanuts, lentils) - are known as a rich source of plant proteins, which act as allergens.
Milk.In addition to the casein protein, milk contains antibodies to create passive immunity in the young of the animals from which it is obtained (cows, goats, etc. ).
Egg.They contain albumin proteins and other nutrients necessary for the development of the bird embryo and can cause a reaction.
Fish and seafood.The presence of a heat treatment resistant M-antigen protein has been established in them.
Cross allergy(vegetables and fruit). If the patient is allergic to pollen, reactions occur to fruits and vegetables that have pollen of similar structure or belonging to the same genus (poplar, willow, apple). When reacting to pollen, it is easier to determine exactly which foods to eliminate.
Meat.It contains a lot of proteins, but usually due to denaturation during its preparation, the ability to sensitize is greatly reduced.
Cereals,especially wheat. They contain gluten, albumin and gliadin.
Pseudoallergic reactions and some hypervitaminoses have allergy-like manifestations. The main difference is the appearance of symptoms at the first entry of foreign peptides into the body and the dependence of the severity of the deterioration of the patient's condition on the amount of food consumed. Such reactions appear on bright red, sometimes orange fruits and vegetables (tomato, pomegranate, citrus, strawberries).
What to eat - food list
Hypoallergenicthe diet requires the elimination of first order allergens(exotic fruits and vegetables, strawberries, cocoa, mushrooms, peanuts, nuts, coffee, honey, seafood, eggs, fish and milk with its derivatives - milk powder and cheese), andmoderate consumption of secondary allergens(cereals - wheat, rye, corn, buckwheat; legumes; potatoes; currants; cranberries; apricots; cranberries; fatty meats with rich broths from them; herbal tinctures).
The following types of food are allowed:
Low-fat meat;
foods subject to partial fermentation during cooking;
specific products for the place of residence;
white and green vegetables;
offal;
cereals.
Shopping list
Hypoallergenic productsallowed to eat:
Cereals: semolina, rice, oatmeal and pearl barley.
Low-fat products made from sour milk without additives, homemade are better: cottage cheese (9%), kefir (1%), fermented cooked milk.
Meat: lean beef, turkey, pork.
Offal (beef, pork): liver, tongue, kidneys.
Cod and sea bass.
Buckwheat, rice or corn bread.
Oil: butter, sunflower, olive.
Brussels sprouts, cabbage, cauliflower.
Rutabaga, pumpkin, courgettes, turnips.
Broccoli, green salad, spinach, herbs.
Green apples, pears, white currants and cherries, gooseberries.
Compote of apples and pears (including dried), rosehip broth, weakly brewed tea.
Non-carbonated mineral water.
Diet and nutrition for allergies
Food for allergies in children and adults is prescribed in the form of medical tables. The list of products and menus areaccording to dietary tables number 5 and number 9.
In children
An antiallergic diet in children requires the simultaneous exclusion of products that enhance the reaction and the preparation of a diet that spares the digestive organs (in children gastrointestinal dysfunctions often occur due to too heavy foods, due to the immaturity of the liver and a minor amount of enzymes than adults). It is necessary to use low-fat hypoallergenic products with sufficient consumption of carbohydrates. Because of thissuitable medical bed number 5, with the exception of food immune irritants.
Table number 5
Also used for gastrointestinal dysfunction, liver and gallbladder diseases.
Nutrients:
Protein - 80-90 g / day (in the ratio of animal and vegetable proteins 3: 2);
fats - 70-75 g / day (¼ - for vegetable oils);
carbohydrates - 360 g / day (equivalent to 80-90 g of sugar);
water - 2-2, 5 l / day;
calories - 2400 kcal / day.
Recommended products:
Bakery products:dried, bran flour and 1st grade flour, yesterday's bread, first quality lean biscuits.
Impossible: fresh pastry, muffins.Soups.Vegetable soups with zucchini, cauliflower or Brussels sprouts, spinach, pumpkin; milk soups with milk diluted with water (1: 1); with strongly boiled cereals (semolina, oats, rice). To season: butter, sour cream, flour.
It is impossible: broths of meat, fish, beans and mushrooms.Meat.Lean types: rabbit, turkey, chicken, lean beef, pork; cooked without skin and lived. Meat is boiled, steamed in the form of minced meat or a whole piece (chicken).
It is impossible: brains, kidneys, smoked and sausage products, fried and cooked meat in one piece, fatty poultry (duck, goose) and meat (pork, beef).Fish.Low-fat variety, mostly freshwater. Boiled or steamed, in the form of cutlets and a whole piece.
It is impossible: fried, in batter, fatty varieties; salty, stewed, canned; caviar.Dairy products.Lean dairy products: fresh cottage cheese (5-9%), sour cream (15%), kefir (1%), fermented cooked milk (2. 5%). Milk diluted with water for soups, cereals.
It is impossible: fat cottage cheese, sour cream, cream; melted and hard cheeses; whole and dry milk.Egg.0, 5-1 piece / day; steamed and boiled.
It is impossible: more than 1 egg a day, other dishes.Cereals.On the water, milk with water (1: 1) - rice, semolina, oatmeal, buckwheat (limited), vermicelli, semolina and rice souffle, buckwheat and rice flour.
Not allowed: legumes, millet.Vegetables.Potatoes, carrots, cauliflower and Brussels sprouts, spinach, pumpkin, broccoli, courgettes, courgettes, boiled or steamed courgettes, cucumbers.
It's impossible: white cabbage, onions, pickled vegetables, canned food, pickles, beets, radishes, radishes, turnips, sorrel, garlic, tomatoes, mushrooms, legumes.Fruit, sweets.Green apples, gooseberries, limited - apricot, white cherries and currants, raw, pureed, boiled pears; as part of jelly, mousse, jelly.
Not allowed: sour fruit, exotic fruit, bright red fruit, creams, chocolate, ice cream.Sauces.On vegetable broth, decoction of cereals, with a small amount of lean sour cream; with unroasted flour.
It is impossible: mayonnaise, ketchup, on meat, fish, mushroom broths; fatty and spicy seasonings.Drinks.Weak green tea without additives; compote of pears, apples and gooseberries; from dried fruit; rosehip decoction.
It is impossible: cocoa, coffee, black tea and tea with additives (even with lemon); composed of bright red berries; citrus fruit drinks; carbonated drinks.Fat.Butter - up to 30 g / day; sunflower and olive oil (limited).
The time during which a person has to follow an antiallergic diet is limited: for adults - 2-3 weeks; for children - 7-10 days. If, when the diet is canceled, a rash and manifestations of allergy relapse appear, the product to which the reaction occurred should be excluded.
Table number 9
It is prescribed for metabolic disorders, diabetes mellitus, autoimmune and allergic diseases. It requires a restriction of carbohydrates in the diet, so it is prescribed mainly for adults and children with intolerance to lactose, sucrose, etc.
Nutrients:
Proteins: 85-90 g / day (50-60% - animal origin);
Fats: 70-80 g / day (40-45% - vegetable oils);
Carbohydrates - complex only; 300-350 g / day;
Water: 1. 5-2 l / day;
Calorie content: 2200-2400 kcal / day.
Recommended dishes and products:
Flour:bran, protein bran bread, 2nd class flour; protein-wheat. Unsweetened cookies and pastries (at the expense of bread).
Impossible: muffins, puff pastry, products with premium flours.Soups:vegetables; borscht and cabbage soup on a weak broth; beet; weak broths of simple meat and fish; vegetable / with meat okroshka; soups with meatballs (without fat).
It is impossible: rich and fatty broths; mushroom soups; with beans.Meat:lean beef, veal, lamb, pork (fillet / ball); rabbit, turkey, chicken; boiled tongue; liver (limited). Stewed, boiled, steamed; you can boil the meat after lightly frying minced and a piece.
It is impossible: smoked meats, sausages, fatty meat, duck, goose, stew.Fish:lean steamed, lightly fried, grilled, baked without oil varieties. Tomato preserves (limit).
It is impossible: fatty varieties, exotic varieties of marine fish; seafood; semi-finished products, pickles and preserves in oil; caviar.Dairy products:low-fat milk (1, 5-2, 5%) or diluted with water for cereals; low-fat fermented milk products (cottage cheese 0-5%; kefir 1%; ryadanka 2, 5%); moderately - sour cream 15%. Variety of low-fat cheeses (cheese, feta, ricotta) unsalted.
It is impossible: cream; sweet curd; hard and salty cheeses.Egg:no more than 1, 5 pieces / day; boiled (soft-boiled, hard-boiled); steamed protein omelets; reduce the consumption of yolk.
Cereals:moderately (according to the norm of carbohydrates): millet, pearl barley, buckwheat, barley groats, oatmeal.
Not allowed: legumes, rice, pasta, semolina.Vegetables:potatoes (XE limit), aubergines, cucumbers, tomatoes and beets (limited), carrots, broccoli, courgettes, squash, lettuce, Brussels sprouts and cauliflower, spinach, courgette, squash. Stewed, boiled, baked dishes; limited - fried.
It is impossible: pickles, preservation.Snacks:vinaigrette, vegetable caviar (zucchini), fresh salads, soaked herring, fish aspic, meat, diet cheeses (except tofu), beef jelly.
It's impossible: smoked meats, fatty snacks, sausages, lard, snacks with liver and mushrooms, pickles, canned food.Fruits, sweets:fresh fruit and berries (sweet and sour), jellies, masses, sambuca, compotes; sweets with sugar substitute.
Not allowed: chocolate, sweets, ice cream, jams, exotic fruits (bananas, figs, dates), raisins and grapes.Sauces, spices:low-fat on vegetable, meat and weak fish broths; limit - tomato sauce, pepper, mustard, horseradish.
Not allowed: fatty sauces with many spices.Drinks:tea without additives, fruit and vegetable juices (unsweetened), rosehip broth.
Not allowed: sugary drinks, fizzy drinks, grapes and other sweet fruit / berry juices.Fats:low-fat, olive and unsalted butter.
Impossible: meat and cooking fat (fried, lard, etc. ).
In nursing mothers
A hypoallergenic diet for a nursing mother avoids food reactions in a newborn and reduces gas formation in a child. Strictdietary restrictions are important in the first 3 months of a baby's life, Why:
The nervous regulation of digestion and peristalsis remains immature (one of the causes of colic in newborns);
the digestive system is adapting: previously, the baby received nutrients from the mother's blood through the umbilical cord; motility of the gastrointestinal tract and the production of gastrointestinal hormones, the active production of biliary and pancreatic, duodenal, gastric juices are initiated;
enzymes in the baby's body are produced in limited quantities. Excess nutrients are not digested, which also causes colic and bloating;
unformed immunity (up to 6 months). Protection of the body is provided by the immunoglobulins of breast milk.
When compiling the diet of lactating women, it is important that it has sufficient calories. The daily energy consumption due to breastfeeding increases by 500 kcal.
Due to the increasing adaptability of the child's body, the diet for hepatitis B should be as strict as possible in the first 1-2 weeks of the child's life, with a gradual relaxation of food restrictions and the introduction of a small quantity of new products.
1-2 weeks
Completely excluded (what is impossibleto eateven in small doses)
cocoa and chocolate;
coffee, strong tea;
legumes;
fatty meat, rich broths;
fatty and sea fish;
fruit;
white cabbage;
milk;
egg;
muffins and pastries with premium flour;
Honey;
peanuts.
Available in limited quantities:
1st grade flour crackers, bran flour;
lean varieties of fish;
liver (except birds);
lean beef, chicken;
corn, buckwheat;
butter and olive oil;
baked green apples;
Potato;
sugar;
You.
The basis of the diet is (savehypoallergenicfood):
Low-fat dairy products;
lean meat: rabbit, turkey; weak broths of lean meat;
vegetables and broths from them: cauliflower, Brussels sprouts; broccoli; patisson, courgettes, courgettes; spinach; some onions and carrots;
cereals: rice, buckwheat, millet, wheat, oats; moderately - corn, semolina;
fermented milk products: ricotta 5-9%; sour cream 15%; kefir, fermented cooked milk, diet cheeses (cottage cheese, feta, unsalted cheese);
herbal teas (including herbal teas for breastfeeding: anise, fennel, dill, chamomile), rosehip decoction, weak green tea without additives;
dessert: 1st class flour crackers or bran; dry bread with bran (you can - a sandwich with a thin layer of butter no more than 1 piece per day), biscuit biscuits (with bran, from premium flour - limited);
2-3 weeks - 1, 5 months
Completely exclude highly allergenic foods, such as in the first 14 days, except for:
Milk.Use diluted milk no more than 1-2 times a week for making cereals. If a rash appears on the baby's skin, milk is excluded from the diet of a nursing mother.
egg.In boiled form, no more than 1 piece / week; in the absence of a reaction in the child - bring to 1 piece per day, limit proteins.
Gradually introduce in the diet:
Fruits and vegetables characteristic of the yellow and red region:pumpkin, yellow apples (starting from 1/4 of an apple per day in cooked form), banana (1/4 per day); increase in potatoes in the diet; beets (boiled with 1 grated spoon); tomato (start by adding tomato paste (1/2 pack for 4 servings) or steamed vegetables (no more than 1/2 medium tomato at a time)); new vegetables are always introduced in a cooked / boiled form.
Different types of meat:beef, veal, pork, chicken (lean parts - pallino, fillet, etc. ). By increasing liver intake, gradually introducing chicken liver.
Increase your intake of lean fish.
The diet is always adapted to the child. If the baby has a rash when a new product is turned on, it is immediately removed from the woman's diet.
Up to 3 months, the nervous system of the intestine is not yet formed, so you can not eat food that promotes gas formation and is difficult to digest:
fatty meat, strong broths, lard;
legumes;
heavy fruits and berries rich in fiber and sugar: cherries, grapes, pears.
3-6 months
The main adaptation phase is completed. Now, in a woman's diet, you can gradually include all foods, except:
Cocoa, chocolate, coffee;
semi-finished products, sausages and smoked meats;
sauces (mayonnaise, ketchup);
honey, nuts;
citrus and strawberries.
The rest of the products are introduced gradually, observing the reaction of the baby (the appearance of colic, rash). It is advisable to include soups with legumes in the diet from 4-5 months of life of the child, starting with 1/4 serving at a time.
In one day, 1 new product is introduced to monitor the condition of the baby. Therefore, borscht and other complex dishes should be consumed after the child is accustomed to all the ingredients (beets, tomatoes, cabbage, etc. ).
6-12 months
After 6 months, complementary foods are introduced to babies, so it is not possible to adhere to dietary restrictions (with the exception of the above-mentioned hyperallergens).
Complementary foods start with grains (buckwheat, rice, wheat), giving 1 teaspoon as the first serving. Porridges are boiled in breast milk and water, without the addition of fats and spices. For the first feeding, it is allowed to give homemade fermented milk drinks from low-fat milk (2, 5%): kefir, yogurt without additives and sugar. The child is given only fresh food (1-2 days after preparation).
They begin to introduce complementary foods at lunchtime (12. 00), breastfeed the baby. For a week, the baby should adapt to a portion of food that replaces complementary foods. After that, the previously introduced product is administered in the morning (8. 00-9. 00) and new products are introduced at lunch.